Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is classified, as a rare condition. This genetic disease affects numerous organs and almost all glands in the body and, primarily, damages the respiratory and digestive systems. Additionally, it affects reproductive organs. According to statistics, in the United States 1 in every 3,500 newborns is affected by cystic fibrosis.
This rare disease is caused by a mutation in the gene that regulates transmembrane conductance protein. The resulting thick and sticky mucus blocks airways and promotes the spread of bacteria and viruses. Also, it interferes with pancreatic function, which leads to nutritional deficiencies and growth delays in children.
Early detection of cystic fibrosis is a crucial factor for its effective management. Symptoms include frequent respiratory infections (bronchitis, pneumonia), persistent diarrhea, vitamin deficiency, excessive sweating and more. In newborns, common symptoms include vomiting, bloated abdomen, meconium ileus, poor weight gain, wheezing and coughing.
Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed through special testing, and the treatment plan is developed individually. The process involves a multidisciplinary team of doctors (pediatrician, dietitian, pulmonologist, geneticist, gastroenterologist, psychologist) is involved. Based on various needs, treatment phases include infection control, respiratory therapy, special massages, traditional medication (including pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy), proper diet regimen and physical activity .
This disease cannot be completely cured, however in recent years it has become possible to extend the life expectancy of people with cystic fibrosis: while at the end of the twentieth century the average life expectancy for people with cystic fibrosis was 30 years, now this figure is 50 years. Some patients live up to 8 decades.